A STUDY OF THE COMPONENTS OF PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT AMONG EMPLOYEES OF THE BODIES AND UNITS OF THE STATE EMERGENCY SERVICE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

In the context of military confrontation in Ukraine, an important issue in contemporary psychology is the problem of professional burnout among employees of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine (SES) and its components. The psychological well-being of SES employees, their ability to perform their duties, and even their physical health depend on the risks of professional burnout. At the state level, programs for the prevention of professional burnout are being actively implemented, as the risks are significantly higher in conditions of increased danger. Empirical research into the components of professional burnout will contribute to a deeper understanding of the specifics of professional burnout and will facilitate the possibility of further forecasting and developing prevention and psychocorrection programs.

According to the scientific concepts of O. Vavryniv, O. Miroshnychenko, S. Jackson, R. Lazarus, and N. Onishchenko, burnout syndrome is a complex psychophysiological process that involves emotional, psychological, mental, and physical exhaustion due to prolonged emotional stress. Professional burnout syndrome can be interpreted as a stress reaction resulting from prolonged professional stress of moderate intensity.

To study the components of professional burnout among employees of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, a psychodiagnostic complex of research methods was compiled, which included: K. Rogers and R. Diamond's method for diagnosing social and psychological adaptation, L. Thurstone's temperament scale, and V. Stephenson's “Q-Sorting” method. Diagnosis of leading behavioral trends in a real group and self-perceptions, G. Schubert's diagnosis of risk readiness, R. Schwarzer and M. Jerusalem's self-efficacy scale, C.S. Spielberger's scale for assessing reactive and personal anxiety, A. T. Beck, Questionnaire by A.Buss and A.Durkee, Research on Professional Burnout Syndrome Test by J. Greenberg, Resilience Scale.

Based on the results of empirical research, the factor structure of measurable indicators in SES employees has been identified. Identified: a reflexive-adaptive component consisting of indicators of “adaptation,” “internality,” “self-acceptance,” “emotional comfort,” and “acceptance of others”; a resilience and self-efficacy component consisting of the elements of “personal anxiety,” “reactive anxiety,” “self-efficacy,” and “resilience”;  aggressive-burnout component consisting of indicators of “aggressiveness,” “hostility,” “burnout,” “balance,” and “depressiveness”; the communicative-active component consists of indicators of “sociability,” impulsiveness, “leadership,” and “physical activity.” In other words, a four-component structure of burnout has been identified, which includes three adaptive components (reflective-adaptive, resilience and self-efficacy, communicative-active) and one maladaptive component – aggressive-burnout. It has been established that professional burnout is associated with experiencing negative emotional states (aggression, hostility, imbalance, and depression), i.e., a psychocorrectional program can be directed at psychocorrection of negative emotional states and the development of resilience, reflexivity, self-efficacy, and communicativeness.