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Abstract
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the theoretical foundations and practical approaches to psychological support of individuals experiencing stressful and traumatic events. The distinction between the concepts of stress and psychological trauma is examined, as well as their psycho-emotional, cognitive, and somatic consequences. Particular attention is devoted to the concept of resilience as the ability to adapt positively, along with the use of effective coping strategies.
The main levels of psychological assistance are analyzed, including self-help, social support, and professional interventions such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR), and Transactional Analysis (TA). For the first time in the Ukrainian context, the article highlights the principles of Post-Traumatic Growth (PTG) and Stephen Porges’ Polyvagal Theory, which substantiate the shift from an individual survival focus toward the formation of collective resilience. The study also addresses unresolved issues, in particular the phenomenon of intergenerational trauma, and emphasizes the need for the development of long-term rehabilitation programs.
The conclusions present practical recommendations for the development of a systemic model of psychological support in educational, corporate, and community settings. It is argued that future research should focus on a deeper exploration of the long-term consequences of traumatic events and the implementation of innovative approaches that contribute to healing at the societal level.
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