PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECT OF THE PHENOMENON OF «SPIRITUAL VALUES»

Abstract

The article examines the psychological and pedagogical aspects of the phenomenon of spiritual values, which play an important role in the formation of moral consciousness, behavioral guidelines and harmonization of personal development of students. Of particular relevance is the study of the problem of spiritual values in the context of globalization and Ukraine's integration into the world and European educational space. It has been determined that spiritual values are a multidimensional phenomenon that encompasses moral, ethical, aesthetic, religious and socio-cultural aspects, as well as elements of emotional intelligence. It is emphasized that the main problems are insufficient attention to moral education due to the dominance of pragmatic approaches, low awareness of teachers of spiritual development, the gap between educational institutions and families, and limited integration of modern technologies into the educational process. The article substantiates the structural components of spiritual values, their characteristics and psychological and pedagogical significance, namely: moral and ethical values, aesthetic values, religious and spiritual beliefs, socio-cultural values, existential values, emotional intelligence. The elements of the influence of spiritual values on moral self-awareness and behavioral orientations of the individual are clarified, in particular: awareness of moral norms, emotional perception, self-identification, reflection, motivation. It is noted that art education contributes to the formation of spiritual values of the individual. Aesthetic and socio-cultural values are developed by means of art through the emotional and sensual sphere of listeners. The most effective means is musical art as a factor in the formation of the most important human qualities, in particular, empathetic attitude towards others. The study of folk songs of the Ukrainian people, vocal and choral works of domestic composers contributes to the formation of national identity.