Object-oriented approach to creating graphical user interface in Python using the Tkinter module

Abstract

The article analyzes the application of the object-oriented approach in the development of programs with a graphical user interface using the Python programming language and its standard Tkinter module. The focus of the research is on approaches to GUI application development in the context of teaching programming, as well as their methodological significance for the professional training of future mathematics teachers. Based on a comparative analysis of the implementation of a simple calculator in procedural style and using the object-oriented approach, the advantages of the latter are demonstrated in terms of code structuring, reduction of redundancy, and simplification of further functionality extension. The article highlights the key principles of object-oriented programming such as encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism, and their implementation in Python. It is emphasized that the use of classes allows isolating the logic of GUI components, improves code maintainability, and facilitates application scalability. Particular attention is given to the educational aspect of the study: the development of GUI applications based on object-oriented programming fosters the development of algorithmic, logical, and object-oriented thinking in students. It is noted that such activities are well aligned with the curricula for training future mathematics teachers, particularly within informatics-related disciplines.