LANDSCAPES AND WARS. INTERACTION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUBSYSTEMS

Abstract

The aim is to investigate the interaction of the landscape environment on military events and feedback loops in their historical aspect. All historical events, especially military conflicts, occur in specific landscapes and in specific weather conditions. They determine the ethnographic features of management, the resource base of the economy, the general ecological state, the psychophysical atmosphere, and that is why they must be taken into account in any reconstructions of historical events. At the same time, according to the feedback principle, the nature of management and the course of significant historical events provide an opportunity to reconstruct to a certain extent the state of the natural and anthropogenic environment for a certain period of time, which is important in historical and geographical research and the study of anthropogenic environmental changes. Understanding all the nuances of the historical-geographical process in relation to belligerent complexes (BC) makes it possible to clarify, according to the principles of scientific reflection, both the course of the process itself, and the quality (acceptability) of the methods used in the study and the reliability of the initial information base. In the absence of a landscape basis, this sometimes leads historians to erroneous conclusions. The article examines three landscape-military situations relevant to the territory of Bukovina. This is a unique in its implementation battle of 1497 in the Kozmyn Forest between the Polish (Jan Olbracht) and Moldavian (Stephen the Great) troops. Attention is paid to the belligerent complexes of the Khotyn Heights, which became a place of location and shelter for the population of different times, as well as the legendary battle of 992 near the village of Korneşti during the Christian missionary (at the same time punitive) campaign of Prince Volodymyr to Transnistria against the Croats and Tivertsi. However, sacred questions remain: where did the inhabitants defend it from and what kind of people did they come from? What happened to them? Where are the other material remains of the bloody events? Why was the settlement built here in a wild area? Therefore, additional archaeological explorations are necessary in the surrounding areas of all the settlements.