LANDSCAPE CENTERS OF EXTREME TOURISM: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE

Abstract

Active development of extreme tourism during the second half of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century led in foreign countries to the formation of peculiar landscape centers in the places of development of its various types. By this we mean territories where, under the influence of various types of extreme tourism, phenomena and processes are manifested that lead to the replacement of the structural organization of existing geocomponents and landscape complexes or the formation of new ones. The goal is to distinguish features of landscape centers of extreme tourism, their types according to the peculiarities of the dynamics of development, to characterize some of them in the structure of anthropogenic landscapes. The principles of historicism, complexity and adaptation are used; methods - analysis and synthesis, comparison, as end-to-end GIS - technologies. The main features distinguishing landscape centers of extreme tourism include: Their formation in extreme conditions or under the influence of extreme types of tourism; mostly non-coincidence with the boundaries of the landscape structures of the territory of formation; manifestation of new phenomena and processes developing under the influence of extreme types of tourism. According to the dynamics, four main types of extreme landscape cells are substantiated: stable, fading, growing, pulsating, and their features are characterized. The development of landscape centers of extreme tourism in foreign countries of Western Europe and North America, partly in Asia and South America, manifested in various anthropogenic landscapes, is considered. It is noted that after the victory over the rashists, various types of extreme tourism, especially belligerent, and the formation of “extreme” landscape centers under their influence will be actively developed in Ukraine. The use of foreign experience in the development of extreme tourism will significantly accelerate this process, which requires further research into the specifics of the development of future landscape centers of extreme tourism in Ukraine.