Psychological and pedagogical principles of personality development in preschool children within the context of family upbringing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31652/3041-2439-2026-6-9Keywords:
preschool child, personality, family upbringing, mental development, parental attitude, pedagogical cooperationAbstract
The article presents a comprehensive theoretical and methodological analysis of the psychological and pedagogical foundations of personality development in preschool children within the context of family upbringing. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to strengthen and rethink the educational potential of the modern family under conditions of rapid socio-cultural change, increased informational pressure, and the transformation of family roles. The study systematizes scholarly approaches to preschool children’s personality development and summarizes Ukrainian and international research on the influence of the family environment, parenting styles, and the emotional climate of the household on child development. It is substantiated that the authoritative (democratic) parenting style, which combines emotional acceptance with reasonable demands and consistent control, creates the most favorable conditions for the development of positive self-esteem, emotional stability, initiative, and social competence in preschool children. A set of psychological and pedagogical conditions that ensure effective personality development of a preschool child in the family is theoretically substantiated. These include a favorable psycho-emotional climate, enhancement of parents’ pedagogical culture, a positive personal example set by adults, meaningful joint activities of parents and children, and support for the child’s autonomy and initiative. Particular emphasis is placed on partnership between the preschool education institution and the family as a prerequisite for the consistency of educational influences. It is concluded that a strategic guideline for modern family pedagogy should be a subject-subject model of interaction in which the child is recognized as an active participant in their own development.References
Базовий компонент дошкільної освіти (Державний стандарт дошкільної освіти): нова редакція. Затверджено Наказом МОН України від 12 січня 2021 р. № 33. URL: https://mon.gov.ua/ua/osvita/doshkilna-osvita/bazovij-komponent-doshkilnoyi-osvitiv-ukrayini (дата звернення 19.03.2026).
Біла І. М. Формування світогляду дитини в умовах сімейного виховання. Вихователь-методист дошкільного закладу. 2016. № 7. С.15-20.
Закон України «Про дошкільну освіту». Законодавство України (Відомості Верховної Ради (ВВР), 2024, № 42, ст. 258). Редакція від 01.01.2026, підстава – 4681-IX. URL: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/3788-20#Text (дата звернення: 19.03.2026).
Кононко О. Л. Психічний розвиток дитини дошкільного віку: сучасні підходи. Київ: Слово, 2020. 256 с.
Крутій К. Л. Дошкільна освіта в Україні: сучасні виклики та перспективи розвитку. Запоріжжя: ЛІПС, 2022. 198 с.
Маценко Л. М. Педагогіка сімейного виховання: підручник. Київ: Компринт, 2019. 376 с.
Мельник Н. І. Сучасні підходи до розвитку особистості дитини дошкільного віку. Дошкільна освіта. 2021. № 3. С. 15-19.
Сухарева Л. С. Робота з батьками дошкільників. Харків: Ранок, 2018. 127 с.
Лещенко О. Г. Педагогіка сімейного виховання: методичні рекомендації. Запоріжжя: ЗНУ, 2019. 61 с.
Матішак М., Скоморовська І. Підготовка майбутніх вихователів до психоемоційної підтримки дітей дошкільного віку. Науковий вісник Вінницької академії безперервної освіти. 2024. № 1. С. 98-104. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32782/academ-ped.psyh-2024-1.15 (дата звернення 19.02.2026).
Wang L., Xian Y., Dill S.-E., Fang Z., Emmers D., Zhang S., Rozelle S. Parenting style and the cognitive development of preschool-aged children: Evidence from rural China. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 2022. Vol. 223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105490 (дата звернення 19.02.2026).
Bazovyi komponent doshkilnoi osvity (Derzhavnyi standart doshkilnoi osvity): nova redaktsiia (2021). [Basic component of preschool education (State standard of preschool education): new edition]. Approved by Order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine from 12 January 2021, No. 33. Retrieved from: https://mon.gov.ua/ua/osvita/doshkilna-osvita/bazovij-komponent-doshkilnoyi-osvitiv-ukrayini [in Ukrainian].
Bila, I. M. (2016). Formuvannia svitohliadu dytyny v umovakh simeinoho vykhovannia [Formation of the child's worldview in the conditions of family upbringing]. Vykhovatel-metodyst doshkilnoho zakladu – Educator-methodologist of the preschool institution, 7, 15-20. [in Ukrainian].
Zakon Ukrainy «Pro doshkilnu osvitu» [The Law of Ukraine «About preschool education»] (2024). Zakonodavstvo Ukrainy (Vidomosti Verkhovnoi Rady (VVR), 2024, №42, st. 258). Redaktsiia vid 01.01.2026, pidstava – 4681-IX. Retrieved from: https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/2145-19#Text [in
Kononko, O. L. (2020). Psykhiichnyi rozvytok dytyny doshkilnoho viku: suchasni pidkhody [Mental development of a preschool child: modern approaches]. Kyiv: Slovo. [in Ukrainian].
Krutii, K. L. (2022). Doshkilna osvita v Ukraini: suchasni vyklyky ta perspektyvy rozvytku [Preschool education in Ukraine: modern challenges and development prospects]. Zaporizhzhia: LIPS. [in Ukrainian].
Matsenko, L. M. (2019). Pedahohika simeinoho vykhovannia : pidruchnyk [Pedagogy of family upbringing: a textbook]. Kyiv: Comprint. [in Ukrainian].
Melnyk, N. I. (2021). Suchasni pidkhody do rozvytku osobystosti dytyny doshkilnoho viku [Modern approaches to the development of the personality of a preschool child]. Doshkilna osvita – Preschool Education, 3, 15-19. [in Ukrainian].
Sukhareva, L. S. (2018). Robota z batkamy doshkilnykiv [Work with parents of preschoolers]. Kharkiv: Ranok. [in Ukrainian].
Leshchenko, O. H. (2019). Pedahohika simeinoho vykhovannia : metodychni rekomendatsii [Pedagogy of family upbringing: methodological recommendations]. Zaporizhzhia: ZNU. [in Ukrainian].
Matishak, M., & Skomorovsky, I. (2024). Pidhotovka maibutnikh vykhovateliv do psykhoemotsiinoi pidtrymky ditei doshkilnoho viku [Preparing future educators for psycho-emotional emotional support of preschool children]. Naukovyi visnyk Vinnytskoi akademii bezperervnoi osvity – Scientific Bulletin of the Vinnytsia Academy of Continuing Education, 1, 98-104. [in Ukrainian].
Wang, L., Xian, Y., Dill, S.-E., Fang, Z., Emmers, D., Zhang, S., & Rozelle, S. (2022). Parenting style and the cognitive development of preschool-aged children: Evidence from rural China. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 223. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105490 [in English].
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
- Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Notices:
- You do not have to comply with the license for elements of the material in the public domain or where your use is permitted by an applicable exception or limitation.
- No warranties are given. The license may not give you all of the permissions necessary for your intended use. For example, other rights such as publicity, privacy, or moral rights may limit how you use the material.
