Effectiveness of block training system with novel training methods in young female sprinters aged 15

Abstract

Topicality. The global trend toward improving athletic performance in sprinting events is striking. The trend in results on Ukrainian tracks, however, is discouraging, marked by a decline in sub-20-second times. There is a need to radically overhaul the training of Ukrainian sprinters, as traditional methods, techniques, and approaches are not working. That is why the search for modern training methods for track and field athletes specializing in the 400-meter dash requires special attention. Studying foreign training methodologies and implementing them in the training of Ukrainian track and field athletes can bring about significant changes in their performance. Purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate and experimentally verify the effectiveness of a 12-week block training system incorporating the latest training methods (RSA, BFR, plyometrics with GCT monitoring, and sRPE monitoring) in 15-year-old female track and field sprinters. Materials and methods. The study involved 13 young female track and field athletes (age 15.2 ± 0.4 years) who were in the third year of their basic training phase. A diagnostic and formative pedagogical experiment was conducted, along with pedagogical testing (30 m run, 30 m from a standing start, 60 m, 300 m; RAST test; long jump; Wingate test; physical fitness index), and methods of mathematical statistics (Student’s paired t-test, Cohen’s d). Research results. The article describes the results of incorporating the first three training modules into the training regimen of female sprinters. Upon completion of the 12-week program, a statistically significant improvement was observed in all measured parameters: the 30-meter run improved by 0.15–0.20 seconds (p < 0.05), the 60-meter run by 0.30–0.40 seconds (p < 0.01), RAST – by 8–15 % (p < 0.05), long jump – by 9 – 10 cm (p < 0.05), IFM – by 5–8 % (p < 0.01). The greatest effect was observed in anaerobic endurance indicators (Cohen’s d = 0.92). Conclusions. A block-based training system that integrates RSA training, BFR, and plyometrics with GCT control and sRPE monitoring is an effective means of improving sprinting and jumping performance in young female track and field athletes. The sequence of blocks (accumulation → transformation → implementation) ensures optimal cumulative adaptation at a safe training load.